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Shogun (å°†è», shÅgun, Japanese: (About this soundlisten); English: /ˈʃoÊŠÉ¡ÊŒn/ SHOH-gun) was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura period shoguns were themselves figureheads. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, though over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. Shogun is the short form of Sei-i TaishÅgun (å¾å¤·å¤§å°†è», Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians), a high military title from the early Heian period in the 8th and 9th centuries; when Minamoto no Yoritomo gained political ascendency over Japan in 1185, the title was revived to regularize his position, making him the first shogun in the usually understood sense.
The shoguns officials were collectively referred to as the bakufu (幕府, tent government); they were the ones who carried out the actual duties of administration, while the Imperial court retained only nominal authority. The tent symbolized the shoguns role as the militarys field commander, but also denoted that such an office was meant to be temporary. Nevertheless, the institution, known in English as the shogunate (English: /ˈʃoʊɡəneɪt/ SHOH-gə-nayt), persisted for nearly 700 years, ending when Tokugawa Yoshinobu relinquished the office to Emperor Meiji in 1867 as part of the Meiji Restoration.
Etymology
The term shogun (å°†è», lit. army commander) is the abbreviation of the historical title Seii TaishÅgun. å¾ (sei,ã›ã„) means conquer or subjugate, and 夷 (i, ã„) means barbarian or savage. 大 (dai, ã ã„) means great, å°† (shÅ, ã—ょã†) means commander,and è» (gun, ãã‚“) means army. Thus, a literal translation of Seii TaishÅgun would be Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians.
The term was originally used to refer to the general who commanded the army sent to fight the tribes of northern Japan, but after the twelfth century, the term was used to designate the leader of the samurai.
SHOGUN:
Titles
Historically, similar terms to Seii TaishÅgun were used with varying degrees of responsibility, although none of them had equal or more importance than Seii TaishÅgun. Some of them were:
SeitÅ TaishÅgun (å¾æ±å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the East)
Seisei TaishÅgun (å¾è¥¿å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the West)
Chinjufu ShÅgun (鎮守府将è», lit. Commander-in-chief of the central peacekeeping headquarters)
Seiteki TaishÅgun (å¾ç‹„大将è», lit. Commander-in-chief Subjugator of the barbarians)
Mochisetsu TaishÅgun (æŒç¯€å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief of the Temporary Office)
Sekke shÅgun (摂家将è», lit. Great General Counselor)
Miya shÅgun (宮将è», lit. Great General of the Palace)
Mutsu ChintÅ ShÅgun (陸奥鎮æ±å°†è», lit. Great General of Subduing Mutsu)
First shogun
There is no consensus among the various authors since some sources consider Tajihi no Agatamori the first, others say ÅŒtomo no Otomaro, other sources assure that the first was Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, while others avoid the problem by just mentioning from the first Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo.
Important shoguns:
Heian period (794–1185) - Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811)
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333) - In 1192, Yoritomo was awarded the title of Sei-i TaishÅgun by Emperor Go-Toba and the political system he developed with a succession of shoguns as the head became known as a shogunate. Hojo Masakos (Yoritomos wife) family, the HÅjÅ, seized power from the Kamakura shoguns. Hojo Masako is a nun shogun.
Ashikaga (Muromachi) shogunate (1336/1338–1573) - Toyomi Hideyoshi - Hideyoshi is considered by many historians to be among Japans greatest rulers.
Tokugawa shogunate (1600–1868) - Tokugawa Ieyasu seized power and established a government at Edo (now known as Tokyo) in 1600. He received the title sei-i taishÅgun in 1603.
Shogunate:
The shogunate system was originally established under the Kamakura shogunate by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Although theoretically, the state (and therefore the Emperor) held ownership of all land in Japan. The system had some feudal elements, with lesser territorial lords pledging their allegiance to greater ones. Samurai were rewarded for their loyalty with agricultural surplus, usually rice, or labor services from peasants. In contrast to European feudal knights, samurai were not landowners.
End of Shogunate:
Emperor Meiji in 1867 has ended the shogunate as part of the Meiji Restoration.
Modern ERA:
Film:
Seven Samurai - Akira Kurosawa - 1954
Throne of Blood - Akira Kurosawa - Actor: Toshiro Mifune - 1957
Yojimbo - Akira Kurosawa - Actor: Toshiro Mifune - 1961
Shogun (TV Mini-Series 1980) - Actor: Toshiro Mifune, Richard Chamberlain - Actress: YÅko ShimadaÂ
Ran - Akira Kurosawa - 1985
The Last Samurai - 2003 - Actor: Ken Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sanada, Tom Cruise - Actress: Koyuki
47 ronin - 2013 - Actor: Hiroyuki Sanada, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Min Tanaka, Keanu Reeves
Computer:
Shogun: Total War
Medieval - Total War - Shogun 2
TOKUGAWA IEYASU:

MAP OF JAPAN:
Shogun (å°†è», shÅgun, Japanese: (About this soundlisten); English: /ˈʃoÊŠÉ¡ÊŒn/ SHOH-gun) was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakura period shoguns were themselves figureheads. The office of shogun was in practice hereditary, though over the course of the history of Japan several different clans held the position. Shogun is the short form of Sei-i TaishÅgun (å¾å¤·å¤§å°†è», Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians), a high military title from the early Heian period in the 8th and 9th centuries; when Minamoto no Yoritomo gained political ascendency over Japan in 1185, the title was revived to regularize his position, making him the first shogun in the usually understood sense.
The shoguns officials were collectively referred to as the bakufu (幕府, tent government); they were the ones who carried out the actual duties of administration, while the Imperial court retained only nominal authority. The tent symbolized the shoguns role as the militarys field commander, but also denoted that such an office was meant to be temporary. Nevertheless, the institution, known in English as the shogunate (English: /ˈʃoʊɡəneɪt/ SHOH-gə-nayt), persisted for nearly 700 years, ending when Tokugawa Yoshinobu relinquished the office to Emperor Meiji in 1867 as part of the Meiji Restoration.
Etymology
The term shogun (å°†è», lit. army commander) is the abbreviation of the historical title Seii TaishÅgun. å¾ (sei,ã›ã„) means conquer or subjugate, and 夷 (i, ã„) means barbarian or savage. 大 (dai, ã ã„) means great, å°† (shÅ, ã—ょã†) means commander,and è» (gun, ãã‚“) means army. Thus, a literal translation of Seii TaishÅgun would be Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force Against the Barbarians.
The term was originally used to refer to the general who commanded the army sent to fight the tribes of northern Japan, but after the twelfth century, the term was used to designate the leader of the samurai.
SHOGUN:
Titles
Historically, similar terms to Seii TaishÅgun were used with varying degrees of responsibility, although none of them had equal or more importance than Seii TaishÅgun. Some of them were:
SeitÅ TaishÅgun (å¾æ±å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the East)
Seisei TaishÅgun (å¾è¥¿å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief for the pacification of the West)
Chinjufu ShÅgun (鎮守府将è», lit. Commander-in-chief of the central peacekeeping headquarters)
Seiteki TaishÅgun (å¾ç‹„大将è», lit. Commander-in-chief Subjugator of the barbarians)
Mochisetsu TaishÅgun (æŒç¯€å¤§å°†è», lit. Commander-in-chief of the Temporary Office)
Sekke shÅgun (摂家将è», lit. Great General Counselor)
Miya shÅgun (宮将è», lit. Great General of the Palace)
Mutsu ChintÅ ShÅgun (陸奥鎮æ±å°†è», lit. Great General of Subduing Mutsu)
First shogun
There is no consensus among the various authors since some sources consider Tajihi no Agatamori the first, others say ÅŒtomo no Otomaro, other sources assure that the first was Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, while others avoid the problem by just mentioning from the first Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo.
Important shoguns:
Heian period (794–1185) - Sakanoue no Tamuramaro (758–811)
Kamakura shogunate (1192–1333) - In 1192, Yoritomo was awarded the title of Sei-i TaishÅgun by Emperor Go-Toba and the political system he developed with a succession of shoguns as the head became known as a shogunate. Hojo Masakos (Yoritomos wife) family, the HÅjÅ, seized power from the Kamakura shoguns. Hojo Masako is a nun shogun.
Ashikaga (Muromachi) shogunate (1336/1338–1573) - Toyomi Hideyoshi - Hideyoshi is considered by many historians to be among Japans greatest rulers.
Tokugawa shogunate (1600–1868) - Tokugawa Ieyasu seized power and established a government at Edo (now known as Tokyo) in 1600. He received the title sei-i taishÅgun in 1603.
Shogunate:
The shogunate system was originally established under the Kamakura shogunate by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Although theoretically, the state (and therefore the Emperor) held ownership of all land in Japan. The system had some feudal elements, with lesser territorial lords pledging their allegiance to greater ones. Samurai were rewarded for their loyalty with agricultural surplus, usually rice, or labor services from peasants. In contrast to European feudal knights, samurai were not landowners.
End of Shogunate:
Emperor Meiji in 1867 has ended the shogunate as part of the Meiji Restoration.
Modern ERA:
Film:
Seven Samurai - Akira Kurosawa - 1954
Throne of Blood - Akira Kurosawa - Actor: Toshiro Mifune - 1957
Yojimbo - Akira Kurosawa - Actor: Toshiro Mifune - 1961
Shogun (TV Mini-Series 1980) - Actor: Toshiro Mifune, Richard Chamberlain - Actress: YÅko ShimadaÂ
Ran - Akira Kurosawa - 1985
The Last Samurai - 2003 - Actor: Ken Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sanada, Tom Cruise - Actress: Koyuki
47 ronin - 2013 - Actor: Hiroyuki Sanada, Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Min Tanaka, Keanu Reeves
Computer:
Shogun: Total War
Medieval - Total War - Shogun 2
TOKUGAWA IEYASU:
MAP OF JAPAN:
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