V+S+D :)

Tukang Cilok - request :) Thank you!

Education in Japan is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels.
Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels.
Japanese students consistently rank highly in terms of quality and performance in reading literacy, mathematics, and sciences.
Japans populace is well educated and its society highly values education as a platform for socioeconomic mobility and for gaining employment in the countrys high-tech economy.
The academic year starts from April and ends in March, having summer vacation in August ((six week)) and winter vacation in the end of December to the beginning of January.
Structure:
Compulsory Education
 - Elementary school - (小学校 shōgakkō) - Grade 1-6 ((start at age 6yo))
 - Junior high school/Lower secondary school - (中学校 chūgakkō) - Grade 1 ((7th)) - 2 ((8th)) - 3 ((9th)) - ((start at 12yo))
 
Not compulsory schools, but everyone does
 - Senior high school/Upper secondary school - (高等学校 kōtōgakkō, abbr. 高校 kōkō) - Grade 1 ((10th)) - 2 ((11th)) - 3 ((12th)) - ((start at 15yo)) - The upper-secondary course of special training school
 
Another Schools
 - Associates / Foundation - Age 18-22
   - University: Undergraduate - (大学 daigaku; 学士課程 gakushi-katei) ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) ))
   - National Academy - (大学校 daigakkō)  ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) ))
   - Medical School - (医学部 Igaku-bu) - Age 18-24 ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) )) - ((22-24 - Masters - (修士 Shūshi) ))
   - Veterinary school - (獣医学部 Jūigaku-bu) - Age 18-24 ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) )) - ((22-24 - Masters - (修士 Shūshi) ))
   - Dentistry School - (歯学部 Shigaku-bu) - Age 18-24 ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) )) - ((22-24 - Masters - (修士 Shūshi) ))
   - Pharmaceutical School - (薬学部 Yakugaku-bu) - Age 18-24 ((20-21 - is a Barcelors - (学士 Gakushi) )) - ((22-24 - Masters - (修士 Shūshi) ))
   - National Defense Medical College - (防衛医科大学校, Bōei Ika Daigakkō) - Age 18-24
   - Community College - (短期大学 Tanki-daigaku, abbr. 短大 tandai) - Age 18-20
   - Vocational School - (専門学校 Senmon-gakkō) - Age 18-20
   
 - Masters - (修士 Shūshi) - Age 22-24
   - Graduate School: Master - (大学院博士課程前期 Daigaku-in Hakushi Katei Zenki)
   - National Academy: Master - (大学校修士課程 Daigakkō Shūshi katei)
   
 - Ph.D. - (博士 Hakushi) - Age 24-27
   - Graduate School: Ph.D. - (大学院博士課程後期 Daigaku-in Hakushi Katei Kōki)
   - National Defense Academy: Ph.D. - (防衛大学校博士課程 Bōei Daigakkō Hakushi katei)
   
  - Ph.D. - (博士 Hakushi) - Age 27-  Medical Ph.D, Veterinary Ph.D, Dentistry Ph.D, Pharmaceutical Ph.D
  
 
Lower secondary school:
Lower secondary school covers grades seven through nine, with children typically aged twelve through fifteen.
Approximately 8% of junior high students attend a private junior high school (accounting for 7% of all junior high schools). Private schools are considerably more expensive: the average annual cost of private primary school attendance was cca: ¥1,4 million per student!!!! ((1 USD = 105 JPY))
Public school cost cca ¥450,340 / student what the state pays. Japans compulsory education ends at grade nine, but less than 2% drop out.
98.3% of students advanced to senior education!!!
Instruction in primary schools is often in the form of lectures. Teachers also use other media, such as television and radio, and there is some laboratory work.
The junior school curriculum covers Japanese language, social studies, mathematics, science, music, fine arts, health, and physical education. All students are also exposed to industrial arts and homemaking. Moral education and special activities continue to receive attention.

Upper secondary school:
Though upper-secondary school is not compulsory in Japan, 94% of all junior high school graduates enrolled.
The first-year programs for students in both academic and commercial courses are similar. They include basic academic courses, such as Japanese language, English, mathematics, and science.
Vocational-technical programs includes several hundred specialized courses, such as information processing, navigation, fish farming, business, English, and ceramics. Business and industrial courses are the most popular, accounting for 72% of all students in full-time vocational programs.
Training of disabled students, particularly at the upper-secondary level, emphasizes vocational education to enable students to be as independent as possible within society. 

Higher and tertiary educations:
Higher and tertiary educations in Japan are provided in universities (daigaku), junior colleges (tanki daigaku), colleges of technology (koto senmon gakko) and special training colleges (senmon gakko). Of these four types of institutions, only universities and junior colleges are strictly considered as higher education.
At the top of the higher education structure, these institutions provide a four-year training leading to a bachelors degree, and some offer six-year programs leading to a professional degree. There are two types of public four-year colleges: the 86 national universities (including the Open University of Japan) and the 95 local public universities, founded by prefectures and municipalities. 
The most popular courses, enrolling almost 40 percent of all undergraduate students, were in the social sciences, including business, law, and accounting. Other popular subjects were engineering (19 percent), the humanities (15 percent), and education (7 percent).
The average costs (tuition, fees, and living expenses) for a year of higher education were ¥1.6 million. To help defray expenses, students frequently work part-time or borrow money through the government-supported Japan Scholarship Association. Assistance is also offered by local governments, nonprofit corporations, and other institutions.
   
   
The Japanese educational system is supplemented by a heavy emphasis on extracurricular activities, also known as shadow education, which are any educational activities that dont take place during formal schooling. In order to gain a competitive edge, Japanese families are willing to expend money and have their child put in time and effort into a supplementary education.


Japanese students are faced with immense pressure to succeed academically from their parents, teachers, peers and society. This is largely a result of a society that has long placed a great amount of importance on education, and a system that places all of its weight upon a single examination that has significant life-long consequences.