The northernmost station of the Struve Geodetic Arc is located in Fuglenes, Norway.



The Struve Geodetic Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through ten countries and over 2,820 kilometres (1,750 mi), which yielded the first accurate measurement of a meridian arc.

Tartu Old Observatory, the first point of the arc.

The chain was established and used by the German-born Russian scientist Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve in the years 1816 to 1855 to establish the exact size and shape of the earth. At that time, the chain passed merely through three countries: Norway, Sweden and the Russian Empire. The Arcs first point is located in Tartu Observatory in Estonia, where Struve conducted much of his research. Measurement of the triangulation chain comprises 258 main triangles and 265 geodetic vertices. The northernmost point is located near Hammerfest in Norway and the southernmost point near the Black Sea in Ukraine.



Point Z, situated on Hogland, Russia

In 2005, the chain was inscribed on the World Heritage List, because of its importance in geodesy and its testimony to international scientific cooperation. The World Heritage site includes 34 commemorative plaques or built obelisks out of the original 265 main station points which are marked by drilled holes in rock, iron crosses, cairns, other. This inion is located in ten countries, the second most of any UNESCO World Heritage after the Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe


The commemorative plaque of the arc in Felshtyn, Ukraine

The measurements of the 30° Meridian Arc in 1816–1852 as well the deion of the geodesic, topographical, and map making works in the Balkans from the nineteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century by Russian Czarist Army was described in Astronomy, geodesy and map- drawing in Moldova since the middle ages till the World War I


The Geodetic Point in Rudi, Moldova


ChaineditNorwayeditFuglenes in Hammerfest (70°40′12″N 23°39′48″E)Raipas in Alta (69°56′19″N 23°21′37″E)Luvdiidcohkka in Kautokeino (69°39′52″N 23°36′08″E)Baelljasvarri in Kautokeino (69°01′43″N 23°18′19″E)SwedeneditPajtas-vaara (Tynnyrilaki) in Kiruna (68°15′18″N 22°58′59″E)Kerrojupukka (Jupukka) in Pajala (67°16′36″N 23°14′35″E)Pullinki in Övertorneå (66°38′47″N 23°46′55″E)Perra-vaara (Perävaara) in Haparanda (66°1′5″N 23°55′21″E)FinlandeditStuor-Oivi (currently Stuorrahanoaivi) in Enontekiö (68°40′57″N 22°44′45″E)Avasaksa (currently Aavasaksa) in Ylitornio (66°23′52″N 23°43′31″E)Torneå (currently Alatornio Church ) in Tornio (65°49′48″N 24°09′26″E)Puolakka (currently Oravivuori) in Korpilahti (61°55′36″N 25°32′01″E)Porlom II (currently Tornikallio) in Lapinjärvi (60°42′17″N 26°00′12″E)Svartvira (currently Mustaviiri) in Pyhtää (60°16′35″N 26°36′12″E)RussiaeditMäki-päälys (Mäkipäällys) (Finland 1917/1920-1940) in Gogland (Suursaari)(60°4′27″N 26°58′11″E)Hogland, Z (Gogland, Tochka Z) in Gogland (60°5′9.8″N 26°57′37.5″E)EstoniaeditWoibifer (Võivere) in Väike-Maarja Parish (59°03′28″N 26°20′16″E)Katko (Simuna) in Väike-Maarja Parish (59°02′54″N 26°24′51″E)Dorpat (Tartu Old Observatory) in Tartu. (58°22′43.64″N 26°43′12.61″E)

Latviaedit

Sestu-Kalns (Ziestu) in Ērgļu novads (56°50′24″N 25°38′12″E)Jacobstadt in Jēkabpils (56°30′05″N 25°51′24″E)

Lithuaniaedit

Karischki (Gireišiai) in Panemunėlis (55°54′09″N 25°26′12″E)Meschkanzi (Meškonys) in Nemenčinė (54°55′51″N 25°19′00″E)Beresnäki (Paliepiukai) in Nemėžis (54°38′04″N 25°25′45″E)

Belarus
Tchekutsk (Chekutsk) in Ivanovo district (52°12′28″N 25°33′23″E)Leskowitschi (Leskovichi) in Ivanovo district (52°9′39″N 25°34′17″E)MoldovaeditRudi near Rudi village, Soroca district (48°19′08″N 27°52′36″E)UkraineeditKaterynivka in Antonivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (49°33′57″N 26°45′22″E)Felshtyn in Hvardiiske, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (49°19′48″N 26°40′55″E)Baranivka in Baranivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (49°08′55″N 26°59′30″E)Staro-Nekrasivka (Stara Nekrasivka) in Nekrasivka, Odesa Oblast (45°19′57.5″N 28°55′40″E)